Cataracts
A cataract is an opacity (misting or clouding) of the lens in your eye and is a major cause of visual impairment. The most common cause of cataract is increasing age. Cataracts tend to progress over time and can affect the ability to carry out daily tasks including driving, for which there are legal minimum vision requirements. They can also affect a person’s ability to get around in general and to carry out close-up activities such as reading and craft work.
Congenital cataracts are cataracts which are present at birth. Cataracts can also result from trauma to the eye.
The main symptoms for adult age-related cataracts are:
- reduced or blurred vision
- increasing problems with glare and bright lights
- increasing difficulty with seeing in low-light conditions
- colours may look faded
- double vision in one eye
You should consult your optician if you have any of the above symptoms.
Your optician will do a series of tests including a visual impairment test to measure how well you can see at various distances.
If your optician or GP thinks you have cataracts and they are significantly interfering with your daily activities, they may refer you to see an eye specialist for more tests or for possible treatment. However, if the cataracts are mild (“immature”) they may simply recommend follow up to monitor your cataracts.
Local commissioning policies are in place for this condition
If you are referred for cataract surgery, this is subject to NHS referral criteria which will need to be met. Cataract surgery will not usually be commissioned until the cataract causes significant visual impairment resulting in difficulties in everyday life. Cataract surgery is a procedure that usually takes 30 minutes. It will often be carried out as day surgery and is done under local anaesthetic.
In some circumstances your referral may be returned to your Optician or GP to provide more information or to advise them to monitor the progression of your cataract and re-refer when it meets the criteria for surgery.
You can find more information on why this could be by clicking here and reading the local commissioning policy.
- For information on eligibility for routine services please see the ‘Cataract Services in Devon’ section below.
- For information on waiting times please see ‘Information to support decisions about surgery’ section below.
Selfcare
Things that may increase your risk of cataracts include:
- Increasing age
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Obesity
- Previous Eye Injury
- High myopia (Near-sightedness)
- Alcohol
- Sunlight exposure
Managing my condition
Mild cataracts can be managed with stronger glasses and brighter reading lights.
You can choose to put off having surgery for a while and have regular check-ups to monitor the situation.
There are no medicines or eye drops that have been proven to improve cataracts or stop them getting worse.
If you have cataracts, they may affect your ability to drive. You must tell the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) if you have cataracts in both eyes. You will not need to tell the DVLA if you only have cataracts in one eye unless you have a medical condition in the other eye or have a valid Group 2 licence. If you drive a bus, coach or lorry (Group 2 licence) you must inform the DVLA if you have cataracts in one or both eyes.
Please click here for more information from the DVLA.
Surgery
Making a decision about surgery
Surgery is usually offered on the NHS if your cataracts are affecting your eyesight and quality of life.
The decision to have surgery should not be based solely on your eye test (visual acuity) results.
You may have other personal reasons for deciding to have surgery, such as your daily activities, hobbies and interests.
If both eyes have cataracts that meet the criteria for surgery, your Provider will usually operate on your worst cataract first and when you have recovered from that surgery will operate on your second eye. Some providers offer to operate on both eyes at the same time, this is called bilateral surgery.
NHS England have produced a Shared Decision Tool that you can work through with your Ophthalmologist (if you have an existing long term eye condition) or your optometrist (optician). This tool is a key part of the referral process in Devon.
Risks of Surgery
Surgery is not risk free and results are not guaranteed:
The risk of serious complications developing as a result of cataract surgery is estimated at around 1 in 50 cases.
These can include:
- blurred vision
- some loss of vision
- detached retina – where the the thin layer at the back of your eye (retina) becomes loose
Most of these serious complications can be treated with medicines or further surgery.
There is a very small risk – around 1 in 1,000 – of permanent sight loss in the treated eye as a direct result of the operation.
Benefits of surgery
After cataract surgery you should be able to:
- see things in focus
- look into bright lights and not see as much glare
- tell the difference between colours
If you have another condition affecting your eyes, such as diabetes or glaucoma, you may still have limited vision, even after successful surgery.
Patient Information Leaflet
Local hospitals have produced a leaflet for patients to explain what to expect when having cataract surgery.
Video about My Cataracts
How cataract surgery is carried out
Bupa Health UK| Published: 8 August 2013
Recovery
You should be able to go home on the same day as your cataract surgery.
Feeling should start to return to your eye within a few hours of surgery, but it may take a few days for your vision to fully return.
It’s normal to have:
- grittiness
- watering
- blurred vision
- double vision
- a red or bloodshot eye
These side effects usually improve within a few days, but it can take 4 to 6 weeks to recover fully.
If you need new glasses, you will not be able to order them until your eye has completely healed, usually after 6 weeks.
When to seek help
Contact your eye surgery department as soon as possible if you experience:
- increased pain and/or redness
- decreased vision
All providers have 24/7 helplines, contact details are on the leaflet given to you on the day of your surgery.
Cataract Services in Devon
There are two types of cataract services in Devon –
‘High flow’ services which are suitable for the majority of patients who require a straightforward cataract operation.
Your outpatient appointment will usually be with an optometrist.
And
‘Complex’ services which are geared towards patients with potentially more complex needs, such as those with other ocular or health conditions, or patients who may have cataracts which are not age-related. Specific requirements will be discussed and agreed during the outpatient appointment with an Ophthalmologist.
How will I know if I need to be seen in a ‘complex’ service?
- Patients must be 18 years old and over
- Patients who require communication support
This would include patients with severe dementia or severe learning difficulties. - Patients who would struggle to lie flat and be still for half an hour
Patient must be able to lie still during the procedure, those who aren’t able to are likely to require a general anaesthetic - Patients with mobility issues, such as needing more than 1 stick to get about
There is often lots of walking to get to pre-op room and theatres. High flow services tend to have less physical space and can’t support wheelchair users or hoists to get on/off couches - No BMI limits – can support patients with BMI>40
High flow services often don’t have hoists available and possible weight limitations on couches, so BMI must be ≤40 - Patients with complex health needs who may require additional support such as:
- Require continuous oxygen
- Have had a cardiac arrest, heart attack or stroke in the last 6 months
- Have an implantable defibrillator
- Have other long term eye conditions (such as glaucoma) and the patient’s ophthalmology consultant has suggested cataract surgery should be done in the eye hospital where all eye conditions can be monitored, not just the cataract surgery in isolation
Information to support decisions about surgery
- Quality outcomes information is published annually and is available on the National Ophthalmology Database (NOD) for many providers and consultants.
- Press release – Unique partnership pilot cutting Devon’s waiting lists
- NHS England publish average waiting times for all specialties (including Ophthalmology) on the MyPlannedCare (MPC) web site (https://www.myplannedcare.nhs.uk/).
The waiting times shown are the (mean) average of all patients waiting within the specialty at the trust. Some patients will wait less time than the average and some patients will wait longer than the average waiting time. Patients are managed based on clinical urgency and therefore waiting times can vary depending on each patient’s clinical condition. The waiting times include all services within that specialty.
Below are the current indicative waiting times specifically for cataract surgery in Devon. These are updated fortnightly with data supplied by each provider.
Providers in Devon who offer High Flow cataract surgery
You are free to choose to be seen at a provider outside of Devon where they are contracted to provide suitable NHS services, Devon Referral Support Service (DRSS) will be able to discuss these options with you as part of the choice conversation.
Provider |
Location |
Notes |
GIRFT accredited* |
Average wait for surgery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WEST | ||||
| Royal Eye Infirmary (Derriford Hospital) | Plymouth | New building and theatres opened January 2024 | In progress |
19 weeks to be seen and treated |
| Newmedica | Plymouth | Free patient transport (criteria applies) | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
| Practice Plus Group | Plymouth | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| EAST | ||||
| Centre of Excellence for Eyes (CEE), Nightingale Hospital (Royal Devon University Hospital) | Exeter – Sowton | One stop service – telephone pre-op and then one visit for pre-op assessment and surgery.Bilateral surgery provided | Yes |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
| Royal Devon University Hospital | Exeter – Wonford | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| Royal Devon University Hospital | Axminster | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| Newmedica | Exeter – Matford | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| ACES | Exeter – Central | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| Spa Medica | Exeter – by the airport | Free patient transport service available to patients who live over 10 miles away, (longer waiting times may be incurred). Complex follow ups may need to take place at Birmingham site (free transport available) | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
| SOUTH | ||||
| Torbay & South Devon Hospital | Torquay | New theatres opening February 2024 |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| Mount Stuart Hospital | Torquay | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treatedd |
|
| Optimax | Newton Abbot | No |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| NORTH | ||||
| Royal Devon University Hospital | Barnstaple | No |
20 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
* For more information about what it means to be GIRFT accredited please visit the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) web site.
Providers who offer Complex cataract surgery
You are free to choose to be seen at a provider outside of Devon where they are contracted to provide suitable NHS services, Devon Referral Support Service (DRSS) will be able to discuss these options with you as part of the choice conversation.
Provider |
Location |
Notes |
Average wait for surgery |
|---|---|---|---|
| WEST | |||
| Royal Eye Infirmary | Plymouth | New building and theatres opened January 2024 providing increased capacity |
34 weeks to be seen and treated |
| EAST | |||
| Royal Devon University Hospital | Exeter |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| Royal Devon University Hospital | Axminster |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
|
| SOUTH | |||
| Torbay & South Devon Hospital | Torquay | New theatres opening February 2024 |
Minimum of 14 – 18 weeks to be seen and treated |
| NORTH | |||
| Royal Devon University Hospital | Barnstaple |
22 weeks to be seen and treated |
Further information on providers can be found on their web sites:
- Centre of Excellence for Eyes, Nightingale Hospital
- Royal Devon University Hospital (Exeter | Barnstaple)
- Royal Eye Infirmary (Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust)
- Torbay & South Devon Hospital
- ACES Exeter
- Mount Stuart Hospital (Ramsay Healthcare)
- Newmedica (Exeter | Plymouth)
- Optimax (Newton Abbot)
- Practice Plus Group (Plymouth)
- Spa Medica (Exeter)
What support is available?
Support for managing my Cataracts
Please click on the links below for more support for patients who are affected by sight loss:
- Eye Care Support – Eye Care Liaison Officers (ECLOs) provide information, emotional support and advice if you have a condition which affects your sight. They can also help while you’re waiting for your diagnosis.
- NHS England Shared Decision Making Tool
- National Ophthalmic Database – Outcomes data for cataract surgery providers and surgeons
- Gov.uk: Cataracts and driving – Visit the DVLA for more information about cataracts and driving law
- NHS.UK – More information about cataracts and surgery
- RNIB – More information about cataracts and surgery including a very detailed leaflet you can download
- Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) Practical and emotional support – a wide range of information and support for people living with sight loss, including assistive aids, advice on independent living, support services and other helpful resources.
- Devon in Sight – More local information from Devon Insight
- Moorvision – More information and support for children with visual impairments provided by Moor Vision